By Associate Professor Elaine Jing Zhao

Books

Keane M; Yu H; Zhao EJ; Leong S, 2020, China's Digital Presence in the Asia-Pacific Culture, Technology and Platforms, Anthem Press, London and New York, https://anthempress.com/china-s-digital-presence-in-the-asia-pacific-pdf

Zhao EJ, 2019, Digital China's Informal Circuits: Platforms, Labour and Governance, Routledge, London and New York, https://www.routledge.com/Digital-Chinas-Informal-Circuits-Platforms-Labour-and-Governance-1st/Zhao/p/book/9781138737105

Book Chapters

Zhao EJ, 2025, 'Algorithmic solutionism of platform apps and the spatial metaphor of the xiachen market in China', in Goggin G; Hjorth L (ed.), Routledge Companion to Mobile Media (2nd), Routledge, pp. 233 - 242

Zhao EJ, 2025, 'Locating internet television in the streaming culture: From online literature to web series in the turn to subscribers', in Oxford Handbook of Chinese Digital Media, Oxford University Press, Oxford

Zhao EJ, 2023, 'Hierarchies, shadows and precarity: cultural production on online literature platforms in China', in Fu H (ed.), Temporary and Gig Economy Workers in China and Japan: The Culture of Unequal Work, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, pp. 175 - 195, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849694.003.0009

Zhao EJ, 2023, 'Hierarchies, Shadows, and Precarity', in Temporary and Gig Economy Workers in China and Japan, Oxford University PressOxford, pp. 175 - 195, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849694.003.0009

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 2023, 'Reforming the Cultural System: Culture, Creativity, and Innovation in China', in Valiati L (ed.), Economy of Culture and Creative Industries - Public Policies, Evidence and Models, Martins Fontes, Sao Paulo, pp. 61 - 80

Zhao EJ, 2021, 'Wanghong: Liminal Chinese Creative Labor', in Cunningham S; Craig D (ed.), Creator Culture: An Introduction to Global Social Media Entertainment, New York University Press, New York, pp. 211 - 231, http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/9781479890118-013

Zhao J, 2018, 'Cross-straits Online Collaboration: Multiple Publics and Intractable Institutions', in Keane M; Yecies B; Flew T (ed.), Willing Collaborators: Foreign Partners in Chinese Media, Rowman & Littlefield, London & New York, pp. 189 - 200

Zhao EJ, 2017, 'Beyond the game of cat and mouse: Challenges of discoverability and piracy in the mobile gaming market', in Global Game Industries and Cultural Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 253 - 253, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40760-9_12

Zhao EJ, 2016, 'Getting connected in China: taming the mobile screen', in Handbook of Cultural and Creative Industries in China, Edward Elgar Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781782549864.00039

Zhao J, 2016, 'Getting Connected in China: Taming the Mobile Screen', in Keane M (ed.), Handbook of Cultural and Creative Industries in China, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 396 - 411, http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781782549864

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 2015, 'TV or not TV? Re-imagining screen content in China', in Hjorth L; Khoo O (ed.), Routledge Handbook of New Media in Asia, Routledge, 2015, pp. 299 - 307, http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315774626.ch26

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 2015, 'TV or not TV? Re-imagining screen content in China', in Routledge Handbook of New Media in Asia, Routledge, pp. 299 - 307, http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315774626-31

Zhao EJ, 2014, '"Checking into" outdoor lifestyle?: Mobile location-based games as a site of productive play in marketing campaigns', in Interdisciplinary Mobile Media and Communications Social Political and Economic Implications, pp. 245 - 258, http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6166-0.ch014

Zhao EJ, 2014, ''Checking into' outdoor lifestyle? Mobile location-based games as a site of productive play in marketing campaigns', in Xu XG (ed.), Interdisciplinary mobile media and communications: Social, political, and economic implications, Information Science Reference, Herschey PA, pp. 245 - 259, http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6166-0

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 2014, 'The reform of the cultural system: Culture, creativity and innovation in China', in Lee HK; Lim L (ed.), Cultural policies in East Asia: Dynamics between the state, arts and creative industries, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 155 - 173, http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137327772_10

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 2014, 'The Reform of the Cultural System: Culture, Creativity and Innovation in China', in Cultural Policies in East Asia, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 155 - 173, http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137327772_10

Keane M; Zhao EJ, 'The Reform of the Cultural System', in Cultural Policies in East Asia, Palgrave Macmillan, http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137327772.0016

Journal articles

Zhao EJ, 2025, 'The politics of streaming time: When elastic time meets troubled tiers in the turn to the subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) model', Convergence, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13548565251358948

Zhao EJ, 2023, 'Streaming culture and a new wave of institutionalisation of audience measurement in China', Media, Culture and Society, 45, pp. 1631 - 1647, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01634437231182017

Zhao EJ, 2022, 'Book Review: Wanghong as Social Media Entertainment in China', Media International Australia, 183, pp. 212 - 213, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x211042103

Zhao EJ, 2021, 'Reconfiguring Audience Measurement in Platform Ecologies of Video Streaming: iQiyi’s Pivot Toward Data-Driven Fandom and Algorithmic Metrics', International Journal of Communication, 15, pp. 3671 - 3691, https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/17830/3523

Yecies B; Keane M; Yu H; Zhao EJ; Zhong PY; Leong S; Wu H, 2019, 'The cultural power metric: Toward a reputational analysis of China’s soft power in the Asia-Pacific', Global Media and China, 4, pp. 203 - 219, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436419849724

Zhao EJ, 2018, 'Negotiating State and Copyright Territorialities in Overseas Expansion: The Case of China’s Online Video Streaming Platforms', Media Industries Journal, 5, http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mij.15031809.0005.107

Zhao EJ, 2017, 'Writing on the assembly line: Informal labour in the formalised online literature market in China', New Media and Society, 19, pp. 1236 - 1252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634675

Zhao EJ, 2017, 'The bumpy road towards network convergence in China: The case of over-the-top streaming services', Global Media and China, 2, pp. 28 - 42, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436416688698

Zhao EJ, 2016, 'Professionalization of amateur production in online screen entertainment in China: Hopes, frustrations and uncertainties', International Journal of Communication, 10, pp. 5444 - 5462, http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5727

Zhao EJ, 2016, 'Collaboration reconfigured: the evolving landscape of entertainment TV markets between Taiwan and Mainland China', Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy, 159, pp. 53 - 62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878X16638936

Zhao EJ, 2016, 'Collaboration reconfigured: The evolving landscape of entertainment TV markets between Taiwan and Mainland China', Media International Australia, 159, pp. 53 - 62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878X16638936

Tjondronegoro D; Drennan J; Kavanagh DJ; Zhao EJ; White AM; Previte J; Connor JP; Fry ML, 2015, 'Designing a Mobile Social Tool that Moderates Drinking', IEEE Pervasive Computing, 14, pp. 62 - 69, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2015.62

Zhao EJ, 2014, 'Culture and TV: Not irreconcilable opposites', Asia-Pacific Creative Landing Pad, 2014, pp. n/a, http://www.creativetransformations.asia/2014/09/culture-and-tv-not-irreconcilable-opposites/

Zhao EJ, 2014, 'The micro-movie wave in a globalising China: Adaptation, formalisation and commercialisation', International Journal of Cultural Studies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877913505171

Zhao EJ, 2014, 'The micro-movie wave in a globalising China: Adaptation, formalisation and commercialisation', International Journal of Cultural Studies, 17, pp. 453 - 467, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877913505171

Zhao EJ; Keane M, 2013, 'Between formal and informal: The shakeout in China's online video industry', Media, Culture and Society, 35, pp. 724 - 741, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443713491301

Zhao EJ, 2013, 'Make, modify, and invent: alternative DNA for innovation in China’s hackerspaces', Asia-Pacific Creative Landing Pad, 2, http://www.creativetransformations.asia/2013/01/make-modify-and-invent-alternative-dna-for-innovation-in-chinas-hackerspaces/

Keane M; Zhao E, 2012, 'Renegades on the frontier of innovation: The shanzhai grassroots communities of Shenzhen in China's creative economy', Eurasian Geography and Economics, 53, pp. 216 - 230, http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.53.2.216

Zhao EJ, 2012, 'Mobilising brand experience in China', Asia-Pacific Creative Landing Pad, 1, http://www.creativetransformations.asia/2012/02/mobilising-brand-experience-in-china/

Zhao J, 2012, 'New launch platforms for East Asian Pop', Asia-Pacific Creative Landing Pad, 1, http://www.creativetransformations.asia/2012/10/an-interview-with-jean-huang-lundgren/

Zhao EJ, 2011, 'Social network market: Storytelling on a web 2.0 original literature site', Convergence, 17, pp. 85 - 99, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856510383364

Cunningham S; Silver J; Zhao EJ, 2010, 'Chindia: Innovation in online film distribution', Global Media and Communication, 6, pp. 302 - 308, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766510384969

Conference Papers

Zhao EJ, 2015, 'Refashioning viewing experience with mobile media: A comparison of two trajectories in China', in Paterno D; Bourk M; Matheson D (eds.), Refereed proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association conference: Rethinking communication, space and identity, Queenstown, New Zealand, presented at the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association conference: Rethinking communication, space and identity, Queenstown, New Zealand, 08 July 2015 - 10 July 2015

Conference Presentations

Zhao EJ, 2021, 'Wanghong as liminal creative labour in China', presented at 18th Chinese Internet Research Conference, online, 25 June 2021 - 27 June 2021

Zhao EJ, 2021, 'Creators, Communities and Connectedness: A roundtable on global dimensions of social media entertainment and wanghong', presented at International Communication Association’s 71st Annual Conference, Denvor, Colorado and online, 27 May 2021 - 31 May 2021

Zhao EJ, 2020, 'Metrics of popularity in the making: The case of video streaming platforms in China', presented at International Communication Association’s 70th Annual Conference, online, 21 May 2020

Zhao EJ, 2019, 'Creator governance in China’s online video streaming market', presented at International Communication Association’s 69th Annual Conference Post-conference on Creator Governance, Washington, 29 May 2019

Zhao J, 2018, 'Precarity and politics on online literature platforms in China', presented at International Symposium on Chinese Digital Publishing and Reading: Evolving Models and Emergent Cultural Practices, pre-conference to the 26th annual conference of The Society for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing, University of Western Sydney, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, 09 July 2018 - 09 July 2018

Zhao J, 2018, 'On-demand Mobile Workforce on Ride-hailing Platforms in China: A Reality Check', presented at Mobile and Agile: Changing Social Formations in China panel, Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, the University of Sydney, Sydney, 03 July 2018 - 05 July 2018

Zhao J, 2018, 'Is China's culture really going out? Examining the evidence base', presented at Social Technologies, User Communities and Cultural Knowledge in China and Australia Conference, Curtin University, Perth, 21 February 2018 - 23 February 2018

Zhao J, 2017, 'Studying Communitainment: Mapping a Research Agenda for the Social Media Entertainment Industry - China', presented at International Communication Association’s 67th Annual Conference, San Diego, California, USA., 25 May 2017 - 29 May 2017

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