By Professor Caroline Rae

Journal articles

Rae CD; Rowlands BD; Balcar VJ, 2025, 'Aspartate in the Brain: A Review.', Neurochem Res, 50, pp. 199, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-025-04454-3

Carroll A; Rae CD; Martin D; Dokos S; Loo C, 2025, 'The Effect of Cranial Sutures Should Be Considered in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation', Journal of ECT, 41, pp. 111 - 118, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000001079

Bolsterlee B; Chow BVY; Yu J; Davies S; Morgan C; Rae CD; Warton DI; Novak I; Lancaster A; Popovic GC; Rizzo RRN; Rizzo CY; Ball IK; Herbert RD, 2025, 'Childhood muscle growth: Reference curves for lower leg muscle volumes and their clinical application in cerebral palsy', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 122, http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2416660122

Cao J; Ball IK; Summerell E; Humburg P; Denson T; Rae CD, 2025, 'Effect of Ethanol on Brain Electrical Tissue Conductivity in Social Drinkers', Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 61, pp. 1181 - 1187, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.29548

Lopes JJ; Rae CD; Meyer D; Yolland C; Neill E; Castle D; Dean B; Rossell SL, 2025, 'Glutamate concentrations and cognitive deficits in ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia: An exploratory and comparative 1H-MRS study', Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging, 347, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111926

Das A; Gauthier-Coles G; Bröer S; Rae CD, 2025, 'l-Proline Alters Energy Metabolism in Brain Cortical Tissue Slices', Neurochemical Research, 50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-024-04262-1

Carroll A; Rae C; Martin D; Dokos S; Loo C, 2025, 'Cranial Sutures Alter Computational Models of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation', Journal of ECT, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000001154

Nicoli AL; Al Abed AS; Hulme SR; Das A; Gauthier-Coles G; Bröer A; Balkrishna S; Burgio G; Dehorter N; Rae CD; Bröer S; Billups B, 2025, 'Glutamine Transport via Amino Acid Transporter NTT4 (SLC6A17) Maintains Presynaptic Glutamate Supply at Excitatory Synapses in the CNS', Progress in Neurobiology, 250, pp. 102785 - 102785, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102785

Cao J; Ball IK; Cassidy B; Rae CD, 2024, 'Functional conductivity imaging: quantitative mapping of brain activity', Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 47, pp. 1723 - 1738, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13246-024-01484-z

Hok P; Strauss S; McAuley J; Domin M; Wang AP; Rae C; Moseley GL; Lotze M, 2024, 'Functional connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome: A bicentric study', Neuroimage, 301, pp. 120886, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120886

Bolsterlee B; Chow B; Yu J; Davies S; Morgan C; Rae C; Warton D; Novak I; Lancaster A; Popovic G; Rizzo R; Rizzo C; Ball I; Herbert R, 2024, 'Reference curves for childhood muscle growth and their application to assessment of muscle growth in children with cerebral palsy', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Achanta LB; Thomas DS; Housley GD; Rae CD, 2024, 'AMP-activated protein kinase activators have compound and concentration-specific effects on brain metabolism', Journal of Neurochemistry, 168, pp. 677 - 692, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15815

Rae CD; Baur JA; Borges K; Dienel G; Díaz-García C; Douglass SR; Drew K; Duarte J; Duran J; Kann O; Kristian T; Lee-Liu D; Lindquist BE; McNay EC; Robinson MB; Rothman DL; Rowlands BD; Ryan TA; Scafidi J; Scafidi S; Shuttleworth CW; Swanson RA; Uruk G; Vardjan N; Zorec R; McKenna MC, 2024, 'Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research', Journal of Neurochemistry, 168, pp. 910 - 954, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.16032

Chow BVY; Morgan C; Rae C; Warton DI; Novak I; Davies S; Lancaster A; Popovic GC; Rizzo RRN; Rizzo CY; Kyriagis M; Herbert RD; Bolsterlee B, 2024, 'Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously', Journal of Anatomy, 244, pp. 476 - 485, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13967

Cao J; Ball I; Humburg P; Dokos S; Rae C, 2023, 'Repeatability of brain phase-based magnetic resonance electric properties tomography methods and effect of compressed SENSE and RF shimming', Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 46, pp. 753 - 766, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13246-023-01248-1

Chow BVY; Morgan C; Rae C; Novak I; Davies S; Herbert RD; Bolsterlee B, 2023, 'Three-dimensional skeletal muscle architecture in the lower legs of living human infants', Journal of Biomechanics, 155, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111661

Peek AL; Rebbeck TJ; Leaver AM; Foster SL; Refshauge KM; Puts NA; Oeltzschner G; Andronesi OC; Barker PB; Bogner W; Cecil KM; Choi IY; Deelchand DK; de Graaf RA; Dydak U; Edden RA; Emir UE; Harris AD; Lin AP; Lythgoe DJ; Mikkelsen M; Mullins PG; Near J; Öz G; Rae CD; Terpstra M; Williams SR; Wilson M, 2023, 'A comprehensive guide to MEGA-PRESS for GABA measurement', Analytical Biochemistry, 669, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2023.115113

Spann MN; Wisnowski JL; Ahtam B; Gao W; Huang H; Nebel MB; Norton ES; Ouyang M; Rajagopalan V; Riggins T; Saygin ZM; Scott L; Smyser CD; Thomason ME; Wakschlag LS; Ahmad S; Aydin E; Barkovich AJ; Berger-Jenkins E; Brick J; Bowman LC; Camacho MC; Lugo-Candelas C; Cusack R; DuBois J; Dufford AJ; Elison JT; Ellis CT; Ferradal SL; Filippi C; Ford AL; Fouladivanda M; Gaab N; Gano D; Ganz-Benjaminsen M; Ghetti S; Glenn OA; Castro Gomez MJ; Graham A; Hendrix CL; Holland CM; Humphreys K; Korom M; Kosakowski HL; Li G; Manessis AG; Nolvi S; Pineda R; Pollatou A; Rae C; Rasmussen JM; Scheinost D; Shultz S; Simon-Martinez C; Madsen KS; Sung S; Sylvester CM; Turesky TK; Vaughn KA; Wagner L; Wang L; Warton FL; Wilson S; Wintermark P; Wu Y; Yap PT; Yates TS; Yen E; Yu X; Zhu H; Zöllei L; Howell B; Dean DC, 2023, 'The Art, Science, and Secrets of Scanning Young Children', Biological Psychiatry, 93, pp. 858 - 860, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.025

Rae CD; Williams SR, 2023, 'Details matter in quality science. Adopting a checklist for magnetic resonance spectroscopy can help you get them right', Journal of Neurochemistry, 164, pp. 451 - 453, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15725

Todd G; Rae CD; Taylor JL; Rogasch NC; Butler JE; Hayes M; Wilcox RA; Gandevia SC; Aoun K; Esterman A; Lewis SJG; Hall JM; Matar E; Godau J; Berg D; Plewnia C; von Thaler AK; Chiang C; Double KL, 2023, 'Motor cortical excitability and pre-supplementary motor area neurochemistry in healthy adults with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity', Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101, pp. 263 - 277, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25145

Hok P; Strauss S; McAuley JH; Domin M; Wang AP; Rae CD; Moseley GL; Lotze M, 2023, 'P-5 Changes in functional and structural connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome: a multicentric study', Clinical Neurophysiology, 148, pp. e11 - e11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.022

Suzuki K; Zaunders J; Gates TM; Levert A; Butterly S; Liu Z; Ishida T; Palmer S; Rae CD; Jugé L; Cysique LA; Brew BJ, 2022, 'Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, pp. 1 - 11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210584119

Choo G; Stevens D; Marshall N; Openshaw H; Bartlett D; Rae C; Wong K; McEvoy R; Grunstein R; D'Rozario A; Vakulin A, 2022, 'O068 Slow frequency wake EEG and hypoxemia during sleep predicts vigilance performance following extended wakefulness in patients with OSA', SLEEP Advances, 3, pp. A29 - A29, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.067

Das A; Gauthier-Coles G; Bröer S; Rae CD, 2022, 'Impact of Inhibition of Glutamine and Alanine Transport on Cerebellar Glial and Neuronal Metabolism', Biomolecules, 12, pp. 1189, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12091189

Jakabek D; Rae CD; Brew BJ; Cysique LA, 2022, 'Brain aging and cardiovascular factors in HIV: A longitudinal volume and shape MRI study', AIDS, 36, pp. 785 - 794, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000003165

Vakulin A; Green MA; D’Rozario AL; Stevens D; Openshaw H; Bartlett D; Wong K; McEvoy RD; Grunstein RR; Rae CD, 2022, 'Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and driving simulator performance in untreated obstructive sleep apnea', Journal of Sleep Research, 31, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13482

Naylor B; Hesam-Shariati N; McAuley JH; Boag S; Newton-John T; Rae CD; Gustin SM, 2022, 'Corrigendum: Reduced Glutamate in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated With Emotional and Cognitive Dysregulation in People With Chronic Pain(Front. Neurol., (2019), 10, (1110), 10.3389/fneur.2019.01110)', Frontiers in Neurology, 13, pp. 872851, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.872851

Stevens D; D'Rozario A; Openshaw H; Bartlett D; Rae CD; Catcheside P; Wong K; Doug McEvoy R; Grunstein RR; Vakulin A, 2022, 'Clinical predictors of working memory performance in obstructive sleep apnea patients before and during extended wakefulness', Sleep, 45, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab289

Lees B; Earls NE; Meares S; Batchelor J; Oxenham V; Rae CD; Jugé L; Cysique LA, 2021, 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review Using an a priori Quality Rating System', Journal of Neurotrauma, 38, pp. 3032 - 3046, http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2021.0154

Kang D; Hesam-Shariati N; McAuley JH; Alam M; Trost Z; Rae CD; Gustin SM, 2021, 'Disruption to normal excitatory and inhibitory function within the medial prefrontal cortex in people with chronic pain', European Journal of Pain United Kingdom, 25, pp. 2242 - 2256, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1838

Hui SCN; Mikkelsen M; Zöllner HJ; Ahluwalia V; Alcauter S; Baltusis L; Barany DA; Barlow LR; Becker R; Berman JI; Berrington A; Bhattacharyya PK; Blicher JU; Bogner W; Brown MS; Calhoun VD; Castillo R; Cecil KM; Choi YB; Chu WCW; Clarke WT; Craven AR; Cuypers K; Dacko M; de la Fuente-Sandoval C; Desmond P; Domagalik A; Dumont J; Duncan NW; Dydak U; Dyke K; Edmondson DA; Ende G; Ersland L; Evans CJ; Fermin ASR; Ferretti A; Fillmer A; Gong T; Greenhouse I; Grist JT; Gu M; Harris AD; Hat K; Heba S; Heckova E; Hegarty JP; Heise KF; Jacobson A; Jansen JFA; Jenkins CW; Johnston SJ; Juchem C; Kangarlu A; Kerr AB; Landheer K; Lange T; Lee P; Levendovszky SR; Limperopoulos C; Liu F; Lloyd W; Lythgoe DJ; Machizawa MG; MacMillan EL; Maddock RJ; Manzhurtsev AV; Martinez-Gudino ML; Miller JJ; Mirzakhanian H; Moreno-Ortega M; Mullins PG; Near J; Noeske R; Nordhøy W; Oeltzschner G; Osorio-Duran R; Otaduy MCG; Pasaye EH; Peeters R; Peltier SJ; Pilatus U; Polomac N; Porges EC; Pradhan S; Prisciandaro JJ; Puts NA; Rae CD; Reyes-Madrigal F; Roberts TPL; Robertson CE; Rosenberg JT; Rotaru DG; O'Gorman Tuura RL; Saleh MG; Sandberg K; Sangill R; Schembri K; Schrantee A; Semenova NA, 2021, 'Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T', Neuroimage, 241, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118430

Stevens D; Leong CWY; Cheung H; Arciuli J; Vakulin A; Kim JW; Openshaw HD; Rae CD; Wong KKH; Dijk DJ; Siong Leow JW; Saini B; Grunstein RR; D'Rozario AL, 2021, 'Sleep spindle activity correlates with implicit statistical learning consolidation in untreated obstructive sleep apnea patients', Sleep Medicine, 86, pp. 126 - 134, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.035

von Jonquieres G; Rae CD; Housley GD, 2021, 'Emerging Concepts in Vector Development for Glial Gene Therapy: Implications for Leukodystrophies', Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, pp. 661857, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.661857

Kashem MA; Šerý O; Pow DV; Rowlands BD; Rae CD; Balcar VJ, 2021, 'Actions of alcohol in brain: Genetics, metabolomics, gaba receptors, proteomics and glutamate transporter glast/eaat1', Current Molecular Pharmacology, 14, pp. 138 - 149, http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666200424155244

Williams S; Rae CD, 2021, 'Long reach of the NAAG family tree: An Editorial for “Evidence of NAAG-family tripeptide NAAG2 in the Drosophila nervous system” on page 38.', Journal of Neurochemistry, 156, pp. 13 - 15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15213

Das A; Fröhlich D; Achanta LB; Rowlands BD; Housley GD; Klugmann M; Rae CD, 2020, 'Correction to: L-Aspartate, L-Ornithine and L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate (LOLA) and Their Impact on Brain Energy Metabolism (Neurochemical Research, (2020), 45, 6, (1438-1450), 10.1007/s11064-020-03044-9)', Neurochemical Research, 45, pp. 2527, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-03087-y

Calon M; Menon K; Carr A; Henry RG; Rae CD; Brew BJ; Cysique LA, 2020, 'Additive and Synergistic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and HIV Disease Markers' Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Virally Suppressed HIV', Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84, pp. 543 - 551, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002390

Howdle GC; Quidé Y; Kassem MS; Johnson K; Rae CD; Brew BJ; Cysique LA; Quide Y, 2020, 'Brain amyloid in virally suppressed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder', Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, 7, pp. e739, http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000739

Das A; Fröhlich D; Achanta LB; Rowlands BD; Housley GD; Klugmann M; Rae CD; Froehlich D, 2020, 'L-Aspartate, L-Ornithine and L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate (LOLA) and Their Impact on Brain Energy Metabolism', Neurochemical Research, 45, pp. 1438 - 1450, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-03044-9

Lee B; Henderson LA; Rae CD; Di Pietro F, 2020, 'CRPS is not associated with altered sensorimotor cortex GABA or glutamate', Eneuro, 7, pp. eneuro.0389 - eneu19.2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0389-19.2020

Mancini F; Wang AP; Schira MM; Isherwood ZJ; McAuley JH; Iannetti GD; Sereno MI; Moseley GL; Rae CD, 2019, 'Fine-Grained mapping of cortical somatotopies in chronic complex regional pain syndrome', Journal of Neuroscience, 39, pp. 9185 - 9196, http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2005-18.2019

Naylor B; Hesam-Shariati N; McAuley J; Boag S; Newton-John T; Rae C; Gustin S, 2019, 'Reduced glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with emotional and cognitive dysregulation in people with chronic pain', Frontiers in Neurology, 10, pp. 1110, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.01110

Chaganti J; Marripudi K; Staub LP; Rae CD; Gates TM; Moffat KJ; Brew BJ, 2019, 'Imaging correlates of the blood-brain barrier disruption in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and therapeutic implications', AIDS, 33, pp. 1843 - 1852, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002300

Lees B; Mewton L; Stapinski LA; Squeglia LM; Rae CD; Teesson M, 2019, 'Neurobiological and Cognitive Profile of Young Binge Drinkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Neuropsychology Review, 29, pp. 357 - 385, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11065-019-09411-w

Haebich KM; Pride NA; Walsh KS; Chisholm A; Rouel M; Maier A; Anderson V; Barton B; Silk T; Korgaonkar M; Seal M; Lami F; Lorenzo J; Williams K; Dabscheck G; Rae CD; Kean M; North KN; Payne JM, 2019, 'Understanding autism spectrum disorder and social functioning in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Protocol for a cross-sectional multimodal study', BMJ Open, 9, pp. e030601, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030601

Bird L; D’Souza A; Ball I; Rae C; Herbert RD; Bolsterlee B, 2019, 'Validity and reliability of measurements of aponeurosis dimensions from magnetic resonance images', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29, pp. 808 - 815, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13407

Cysique LA; Jugé L; Lennon MJ; Gates TM; Jones SP; Lovelace MD; Rae CD; Johnson TP; Nath A; Brew BJ, 2019, 'HIV brain latency as measured by CSF BcL11b relates to disrupted brain cellular energy in virally suppressed HIV infection', AIDS, 33, pp. 433 - 441, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002076

Nichols M; Gates T; Soares J; Moffat K; Rae C; Brew B; Cysique L, 2018, 'Brain atrophic signatures of mild forms of neurocognitive impairment in virally suppressed HIV infection', AIDS, 33, pp. 55 - 66, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002042

Wang A; Butler A; Valentine J; Rae C; McAuley J; Gandevia S; Moseley L, 2018, 'A novel finger illusion reveals reduced weighting of bimanual hand cortical representations in people with complex regional pain syndrome', The Journal of Pain, 20, pp. 171 - 180, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2018.08.008

D'Rozario AL; Bartlett DJ; Wong KKH; Sach T; Yang Q; Grunstein RR; Rae CD, 2018, 'Brain bioenergetics during resting wakefulness are related to neurobehavioral deficits in severe obstructive sleep apnea: A ³¹ P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study', Sleep, 41, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy117

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